Layer 2 Group Grants Winners

The Privateness & Scaling Explorations crew is happy to announce the winners of the Layer 2 Group Grants 2022.

The Layer 2 Group Grants spherical began on October twenty fourth, 2022 and was open for six weeks. In whole we obtained 130+ proposals and thank every mission for taking the time to use.
The wishlist compiled sought functions from all areas together with Layer 2 explorers, cryptography, and training.

This chart reveals share of preliminary candidates by class:

Because of the top quality of proposals, we raised the price range from an preliminary 750k USD to a complete of 948k USD.

The awarded functions share per class:

Grantees

We congratulate the 22 grantees awarded and current their mission descriptions damaged down by class:

🔒 Cybersecurity

• Candidelabs – ERC-4337 Public Infrastructure

  • An open supply bundler and a paymaster service as public good infrastructure for ERC-4337 good contracts wallets, layer 2 centered.

• Quantstamp – Rollup Safety Framework

  • The mission will create an in depth safety framework for distinctive options of rollups. They wish to set up a basis for fundamental finest practices and transparency for these options to help new builders of those techniques and allow the group to evaluate the safety dangers of a specific rollup earlier than they use one. Comparable to those who can be found for good contract improvement and the very high-level overviews of rollup safety like L2Beat.com. The framework will talk about issues and particulars of escape hatch improvement and operational dangers for end-users and builders and set up a constant language for these and different options.

👨‍💻 Consumer Expertise

• Spiro – zkWallet

  • Multi-party wallets (e.g. Gnosis protected multisigs) are a confirmed approach for a bunch of customers to share management over an account’s digital property and behaviors. Sadly, present implementations of multi-party wallets expose the privateness of their whole variety of operators and their related externally owned accounts. The objective of this mission is to construct a personal multi-party pockets that shields finish customers by using account abstraction (EIP-4337) and zero-knowledge proofs.

• Kautuk Kundan – Stackr Community

  • Stackr community is an SDK for launching standalone customizable app-specific rollups utilizing acquainted web2-like tooling. It focuses on the core precept of a roll-up, that’s, to run a state machine off-chain and use L1 to retailer transaction particulars. This may be achieved by general-purpose languages that may keep the app-state off-chain and supply an interface to work together with it, thus appearing as a standalone L2. It permits constructing a brand new class of functions that may have extra freedom over their execution decisions.

• ScopeLift – L2 Optimizors

  • Layer 2 networks share safety with main-net by posting transaction name information to Layer 1. Because of this, Layer 2 customers pay their portion of the main-net gasoline prices when executing transactions. Layer 1 gasoline could be >25,000x dearer than Layer 2 gasoline, so paying for name information dominates L2 transaction prices. With customized router contracts that use much less name information than commonplace strategies, we will considerably scale back transaction prices to work together with fashionable protocols.

• Testinprod – Layer1.5

  • Layer 1.5 allows anybody to launch their very own Layer 2 by offering straightforward instruments. It gives a straightforward utility that launches your individual Layer 2 with obligatory instruments—for instance, block explorer, token bridge, monitoring instruments, and so on.

• ScopeLift – Layer 2 Governance with Versatile Voting

  • Versatile Voting is an extension of the favored Governor system utilized by many DAOs. It permits new sorts of delegation contracts to be written, making it simpler for governance token holders to take part in on-chain votes. One such use case is the topic of this grant: Layer 2 governance voting. Holders of bridged governance tokens might vote from Layer 2, paying the cheaper gasoline costs out there there. These votes can be trustlessly mirrored on L1 the place the DAO’s Governor system is deployed.

• Clement Walter – Starksheet

  • Starksheet goals to democratize the entry and utilization of on-chain sources (information and logic). It leverages a well-known spreadsheet to assist the consumer question and hyperlink on-chain sources. The work is saved on-chain as NFTs and could be queried later-on from some other dApp/contract

• Kristof Gazso – Typescript ERC-4337 Bundler

  • The mission will embody the event of an ERC-4337 bundler in Typescript and the related modifications to a Geth node for simulation functions in order that the bundler can run on any instantly Geth-compatible chain (which incorporates most L2s) with little modifications. The bundler may also expose the RPC calls outlined within the specification, and keep an inner mempool to be future-proof when P2P propagation will probably be developed.

• Soul Pockets – Open-source ERC-4337 pockets

  • Simple-to-use browser pockets implementation powered by ERC-4337.

📚 Group and Training

• Jose Figueroa – L2 en Español
  
  • L2 en Español is an open group that goals to analysis, educate and drive the adoption in all these Ethereum’s scaling options. They deal with each builders and new customers of their quest to remain updated with these applied sciences and their utility. We create content material and perform totally different actions from publications to workshops without cost, whereas supporting the totally different initiatives that innovate on this house, whereas sustaining additionally its core neutrality.

• Bruce Xu – MyFirstLayer2
  
  • This will probably be an open-source, community-driven, and academic mission. This will probably be an internet site for folks inquisitive about Layer2 however with out prior data about Layer2 or Blockchain. We intention to make use of well-designed diagrams and interactive animation to assist folks get the concept behind Layer2 in 30mins. Afterward, we’ll information folks to some real-world Layer2 apps step-by-step and allow them to really feel the advantages of Layer2.

🗄️ Information Evaluation

• Blockscout – Blockscout Block Explorer
  
  • An open-source block explorer is at the moment wanted for the L2 ecosystem. Blockscout is already utilized by many L2 initiatives, and extra customizations particular to L2 information necessities will enhance usability. As well as, a brand new interface, options, analytics and developer pleasant enhancements will assist create a extra clear and usable group explorer.

• Quantstamp – Evaluating Rollup Compression
  
  • Compression is commonly missed when discussing rollups. By design, rollups are required to make information out there to be able to confirm state transitions or state roots; nonetheless, the tactic for this publication varies, and should embody compressed information. There’s additionally variability within the compression methods used. This mission will discover using compression within the rollup setting. First, the mission will explicate locations the place compression is used and doc the methods which may be used. Second, the mission will survey present rollups to research the approaches which can be truly utilized in observe. Third, the mission will consider approaches proposed or used throughout comparable techniques and try to establish why a specific method is used. Lastly, the mission will use the insights collected to be able to recommend new approaches for compression of rollup information and pose open issues to the group.

• Diablobench – Efficiency and Safety Analysis of Layer 2 Blockchain Techniques
  
  • The College of Sydney and the EPFL have designed a benchmark suite to judge the safety and efficiency of blockchain techniques. The primary evaluations in contrast layer 1 blockchains reminiscent of Algorand, Solana and Diem and will probably be revealed quickly in a peer reviewed worldwide convention (Eurosys). This mission goals at including layer 2 blockchain techniques to the Diablo benchmark and to make use of it to supply the primary intensive and practical benchmark analysis of layer 2 blockchain techniques on a worldwide deployment.

• Web3-data – Layer 2 Exercise Monitoring & Comparability Suite
  
  • By means of this mission, we intention to ship a high-quality set of Dashboards that assist allow information scientists, researchers, and all group members to higher perceive Layer 2 Exercise
  • We are going to combination information throughout Layer 2 networks leveraging sources reminiscent of Dune, L2Beats, Santiment, CoinGecko, Github, Discord, and, in lots of instances, instantly from the mission APIs/RPCs.
  • We are going to clear and arrange this information to supply a set of shows that may enable the group to visualise adjustments throughout key L2 metrics (e.g. tps, lease paid to Ethereum, progress in TVL, day by day lively addresses, new addresses, whole addresses, charges paid, and developer exercise based mostly on GitHub affiliated repo commits).
  • We intention to label good contracts (and finally allow the group to label good contracts) by utilization classes (Native switch, DeFi DEX, DeFi different, NFT, CEX, Stablecoin, ERC20 different, L2 lease, Bridge, Arbitrage/MEV, Utility). This labeling will enable us to research and visualize the utilization patterns on a excessive degree and in addition present the “hottest” good contracts within the totally different utilization classes. We’re leveraging identified labels from Dune, Arbiscan, Etherscan, and others.

• L2 Beat – L2 Beat
  
  • Proceed to work on clear and verifiable insights into rising layer two (L2) applied sciences with expanded metrics and training.

📊 Information Visualization

• Quantstamp – Again-Finish API Normal for L2 Block Exporers
  
  • This mission will clearly outline properties {that a} block explorer ought to implement to be able to be thought of feature-complete within the normal layer two setting. Moreover, our objective is to suggest and specify a regular API interface that the layer two networks ought to expose to normal block explorers. We envision that such a standardized interface will allow and drastically simplify the event of a number of block explorers that may plug-and-play reusable with all of the layer 2 networks that help the usual. Within the perfect situation, the usual would flip the event of the core of a brand new block explorer right into a mission that might be accomplished by an skilled crew throughout a weekend hackathon. Our objective will probably be to additionally outline a regular that’s consumer-agnostic. As such, it is not going to matter whether or not it’s consumed by a block explorer that’s supplied commercially, is open supply, or probably even decentralized. The mission can pay particular consideration to what distinctive layer two information a block explorer ought to present, with an emphasis on these associated to safety of the chains monitored by it.

• Blossom Labs – Blobscan
  
  • The primary explorer for the EIP-4844 shard blob transactions. It indexes and presents them in a searchable format that the consumer can visualize and navigate by means of in a straightforward approach, offering the mandatory infrastructure to scale Ethereum.

🧮 Cryptography and Zero-knowledge proofs

• Zhe Ye, Ujval Misra, and Daybreak Tune (College of California at Berkeley) – Specular
  
  • The most well-liked optimistic rollups (ORUs) right now, Arbitrum and Optimism, try to increase present Ethereum consumer software program (Geth) to help interactive fraud proof (IFP) building, aiming to reuse prior L1 engineering efforts and replicate EVM semantics at L2. Sadly, to take action they tightly couple their on-chain IFP verifier with a selected consumer program binary—oblivious to its higher-level semantics. This method (1) precludes the trust-minimized, permissionless participation of a number of Ethereum consumer packages, magnifying monocolture failure danger; (2) results in an unnecessarily giant and sophisticated trusted computing base (TCB) that’s troublesome to independently audit; and, (3) suffers from a frequently-triggered, but opaque improve course of—each additional growing auditing overhead, and complicating on-chain entry management within the long-term.
  • We’re subsequently centered on constructing a safe, trust-minimized ORU that addresses these issues, whereas preserving scalability and dispute decision effectivity. To take action, we have now designed an IFP system native to the EVM, that enforces Ethereum’s semi-formally specified semantics [5] exactly on the degree of a single EVM instruction. As part of this work, we constructed Specular, an ORU which leverages Geth—modified minimally with solely 99 lines-of-code to help IFP building—demonstrating the practicality, extensibility and trust-minimal nature of our method.

• Nethermind, Justin Thaler (Georgetown College), Matthew Inexperienced (Johns Hopkins College), and Pratyush Tiwari (Georgetown College) – Concrete Safety Evaluation for L2 Deployed Proof Techniques
  
  • We suggest to research the concrete safety of the proof techniques (SNARKs, STARKs) that safe -rollups. We observe that some proof techniques have safety analyzed within the interactive setting, whereas their safety after making use of the Fiat—Shamir transformation is just conjectured. Moreover, we consider that in some instances extra environment friendly assaults are doable than the claimed safety degree asserts.

• Ethstorage – Proof of Storage on L2 Dynamic Datasets with an Ethereum L1 Contract
  
  • Given an inventory of commitments of BLOBs (e.g., KZG commitments from EIP-4844/Danksharding, listed from 0…n-1) in an L1 contract, the mission is to review an environment friendly proof system to effectively confirm on L1 that the BLOBs are saved off-chain with the specified redundancy (e.g., 30~50 bodily replicas). By placing these storage nodes in an L2 community and assuming 1/m of nodes is sincere, we might construct an L2 storage community that reuses mainnet safety whereas extending Ethereum scalability dramatically.
  • Additional analysis will try to reply the questions of methods to construct the proof/verification system if the BLOBs and the commitments are continually modified (e.g., new BLOBs are appended to the record or a BLOB of an index is modified); and methods to construct incentivized/fee system to make sure desired replication issue utilizing ETH as fee; it’s doable to ask a storage node to retailer partial BLOBs whereas sustaining the identical degree of safety of Mainnet?

We had been extraordinarily pleased with the standard of candidates for this grants spherical. The analysis and work they produce could have a optimistic impression on the ecosystem. We recommend keeping track of them!